Design and construction of wired data networks

Design and construction of wired data networks

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Networks are a group of communication devices that are interconnected using data transmission channels. This also includes various communication devices that guarantee the exchange of messages between end devices. Remote data transmission based on computer networks and modern technical means of communication is telecommunications. Information here can come in a variety of forms: sounds, digital signals, images and printed words. This is a dynamically developing communications industry. The most common telecommunications network is the Internet.

Types of data networks

Information (data) transmission networks can be of the following types:

telephone;
computer;
wireless;
convergent.

What types of data network nodes are there?

Central. At such nodes, various information resources are consolidated, security subsystems are deployed, the bulk of application servers are located, and connections are made to all external networks.
Large ones. This is where all information resources are located. They have exclusively local significance. They are also provided to users only locally.
Final. This is the lowest-power node in the data network. It does not include information resources or application servers. It serves solely to connect subscribers.

Building a corporate network for data exchange

Data networks are one of the most important tools for business development. Nowadays, they play a significant role in ensuring the interaction of all employees within the company itself, offices that are located not only nearby, but also at a remote distance.

Digital data networks represent the organization of an IP connection between servers and all stations in operation. The protocol itself is a standard for a data transmission network, which is formed from a set of communication nodes located in offices and at other points of the enterprise.

The composite model itself is based on a method of dividing the network into separate blocks:

external services;
LAN;
WAN.

Each of them has special functions and purposes.

In some cases, the Internet can be used to transfer data if its bandwidth is quite high. But if you need to transmit sensitive information, on which the security and efficiency of your business directly depends, then it is necessary for such a network to be stable, secure and reliable. Therefore, many large companies build their own industrial data networks. They are adapted to the type of activity of the enterprise itself.

Wireless data networks

Nowadays, it is very difficult to imagine any company that would not use wireless technologies. This is due to the advantages that this wireless network has. Such data networks are used in a shopping center. This could be: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and WiMAX. They all operate on radio waves, using radio channels of a certain frequency. They differ from each other in the frequency and width of the waves themselves. And of course the speed of information transfer.

Using these technologies, it is possible to create computer groups where there are no cables. Railway data networks can also be wireless. It is very convenient, quick, economical (no need to lay cables) and effective.

Converged data networks

They are computer networks that combine the transmission of voice information and data itself.

All this provides the following:

The ability to work with heterogeneous information, such as video, voice, files and email, on a common user terminal.
Significant simplification of corporate communications. Here, several independent networks are replaced by a common network.
Additional high functionality, as well as simplification of work during the exchange of heterogeneous data and their processing.

The term convergence itself can often be heard at telecommunications seminars, conferences and even exhibitions.

Geodetic networks for special purposes

The purpose of special-purpose communication networks is national defense, law and order, government protection, as well as classified information. Typically, networks are not used to provide paid services.

Geodetic networks for special purposes are necessary when it is necessary to determine the coordinates of a particular object with maximum accuracy.

Geodetic networks are used in the scientific field to solve engineering and technical problems, for example, during the construction of important facilities:

heat and power plants;
bridges;
buildings;
powerful radio telescopes.

But most often, special-purpose geodetic networks are built in seismologically hazardous areas to predict earthquakes and tremors.

Geodetic networks for special purposes are created in local or state coordinate systems. The recording and storage of the necessary data based on measurement results is controlled by state geodetic supervision bodies.

Working with geodetic networks requires scrupulousness and perseverance, since for the most part it consists of designing, reconnaissance and installation of geodetic points, measuring and recording the necessary parameters, as well as drawing up technical reports and catalogs.

Structured Cabling Networks

Ensuring the correct operation of all information systems within one building or several adjacent buildings is possible through the use of a structured cabling network. This organization method helps to bring together all information media, such as telephones, faxes, computers, surveillance cameras, etc.

SCS help to significantly improve the process of exchanging information of any type within one infrastructure, since it combines a set of communication cables and special switching equipment that meets the rules and requirements of GOST. The installation of such systems should be trusted exclusively to professionals, since connecting all the elements in the correct order requires special skills.

Components of a structured cabling network:

Main cross (MC);
Cable of the main subsystem of the first and second levels;
Intermediate crosses (IC);
Horizontal crosses (HC);
Horizontal subsystem cables;
Consolidation points (CP);
Multi-User Telecommunications Outlets (MuTOA or MuTO);
Telecommunication sockets (TO).

A structured cabling network is a medium for transmitting electromagnetic signals; it consists of cables and connectors. Cables equipped with connectors are laid according to certain rules so that they form lines and highways.

Switching and connection points, lines and trunks are functional elements of SCS. An ideally planned and laid out SCS provides good access to all information resources from any access point, be it the boss’s office, the workplace of an ordinary employee or a conference room.

When laying SCS, it is worth considering the following nuances:

Versatility – the ability to transmit all types of signals from existing and future models of network equipment;
The ability to scale allows you to quickly organize new workplaces and change the connection diagram without laying additional wires;
Flexibility and compatibility with other elements of the IT infrastructure, which will help provide a unified operation service.

SCS effectiveness

Correct professional installation of SCS ensures comfortable and efficient operation of all departments of the company.

A structured cabling network allows you to reduce IT operating costs, makes it possible to use various network protocols and network architectures in a local network, and combines electrical and optical signal transmission paths into one system.

In addition, if the cable laying plan is drawn up correctly, complete order is ensured in the premises, all cords are hidden in boxes and trays, and workplaces are equipped with sockets in the required quantity. SCS will also allow you to quickly troubleshoot network problems thanks to the modular structure of the system.

Where can you use SCS

The scope of application of SCS is very wide: from plants and factories to private housing. On an industrial scale, these systems are useful for the correct transmission of information in various formats between all network users.

Cable laying can be carried out in one or several adjacent rooms. Also, for owners of various companies, this scheme is economically beneficial, since it significantly reduces the costs of maintaining and operating the IT infrastructure.

For private users, the advantage lies not only in the technical, but also in the aesthetic characteristics of this system. Properly laid cables will never be visible, which will give any room a neater and more well-groomed look.

SCS also assumes the presence of control cabinets in which all relays and levers will be hidden. Compact and stylish designs will not interfere with the integrity of the interior